10 years papers for MBBS 1st Prof Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery 1st Year 2019 (2018-2019) Previous Year's Question Papers/Notes Download - HK Technical PGIMS

TEN YEARS PAPERS FOR MBBS 1ST YEAR
STUDENTS -2019
BY KARAN SINHMAR
 SHKM GMC MEWAT
GENERAL ANATOMY MARKS
1.DOWN SYNDROME 3
2.KLINFELTER SYNDROME 3
3.TURNER SYNDROME 3
4. KARYOTYPING 2
5.EPIPHYSIS 3
6.PARTS OF GROWING BONE 2
7.EXPLAIN HOW LONG BONE GROWS IN LENGTH AND DIAMETER 3
8.BLOOD SUPPLY OF LONG BONE 3
9.SYNOVIAL JOINTS, TYPES AND EXAMPLE OF EACH 7
10.INTRACARTILAGENOUS OSSIFICATION 3
11. CARTILAGENOUS JOINTS (TYPE & EXAMPLE) 3
12.PRONATION AND SUPINATION (JOINTS AND MUSCLE) 3
13.TYPE OF SKELTON MUSCLE ACCORDING TO ARRANGEMENT OF FIBRE WITH EXAMPLE OF EACH 3
14.CLASSIFACTION OF MUSCLE ACCORDING TO DIREACTION OF MUSCLE FIBRE 3
UPPER LIMB MARKS
1. CUBITAL FOSSA 3
2.BRACHIAL ARTERY 2
3.CEPHALIC VEIN 3
4.BRACHIALIS MUSCLE 4
5.MEDIAN NERVE 5
6.HORNER SYNDROME 3
7.BRACHIAL PLEXUS 3
8.CARPEL TUNNEL SYNDROME 4
9.MOVEMENT AT WRIST JOINT AND MUSCLE PRODUCING THEM 2
10.TRAPEZIUS MUSCLE 3
11.CUTANEOUS INNERVATION OF PALM 3
12.MOVEMENT AROUND SHOULDER JOINT & MUSCLES PRODUCING IT 4
13.COURSE AND BRANCH OF RADIAL NERVE 3
14.LUMBRICALS OF HAND 2
15.1ST CARPOMETACARPAL JOINTS 3
16.SUPERFICIAL PALMAR ARCH 2
17.STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINTS 2
18.EXTENSOR EXPANSION OF INDEX FINGER OF HAND 3
19.ORIGIN ,COURSE,AND DISTRIBUTION OF AXILLARY NERVE .NOTE ON APPLIED IMMPORTANCE 4
20.WRIST DROP 3
21.LYMPHATICS DRAINAGE OF MAMMARY GLAND 3
22.RADIOULNAR JOINTS 3
23.LUMBRICALS AND INTEROSSI OF HAND 3
24.BRACHIAL ARTERY GIVING IT’S IMPORTANCE 3
25.STRUCTURE UNDER COVER OF DELTOID MUSCLE 3
26.BRANCHES AND DISTRIBUTION OF ULNAR NERVE 3
27.ERB’S PARALYSIS 3
28.TYPE AND MOVEMENT AT FIRST CARPOMETACARPAL JOINT 3
29.ANATOMICAL BASIS OF REFERRED PAIN TO TIP OF RIGHT SHOULDER 3
30.DORSAL DIGITAL EXPANSION OF INDEX FINGER 3
31.RELATION OF SHOULDER JOINT 3
32.SUPERFICIAL VEIN IN THE CUBITAL FOSSA AND THEIR CLINICAL IMPORTANCE 3
33.CUTANEOUS SUPPLY OF PALMAR AND DORSAL ASPECT OF HAND 3
34.POSTERIOR INTEROSSEUS NERVE 4
35.ROTATOR CUFF 3
36.AXILLARY GROUP OF LYMPH NODES AND AREAS DRAINED BY THEM 3
37.BRACHIAL PLEXUS FORMATION AND BRANCHES 4
38.RADIAL NERVE WITH ITS APPLIED ANATOMY 4
39.FLEXOR RETINACULUM & STRUCTURE PASSING DEEP TO IT 4
40.APPLIED ASPECT OF CLAW HAND 3
LOWER LIMB MARKS
1.NERVE SUPPLY AND ACTION OF FOLLOWING MUSCLES EACH 2 MARKS
a.BICEPS FEMORIES b.SARTORIUS c.PARONEUS
d.PARONEUS LONGUS e.POPLITEUS f.ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
g.QUARDRICEPS FEMORIS h.OBTURATOR INTERNUS i.TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
j.SOLEUS k.GLUTEAL MEDIUS l.RECTUS FEMORIS
m.GRACILIS n.INTEROSSI OF FOOT o.ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS
p.OBTURATOR EXTERNUS q.GLUTEAL MINIMUS r.SEMIMEMBRANOUS
s.GASTROCNEMIUS
2.LIGMENTUM PATELLAE 2
3.MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH OF FOOT 3
4.MOVEMENTS OF HIP JOINT 3
5.LUMBRICALS IN FOOT 2
6.DEEP PARONEAL NERVE 3
7.LIGAMENTS OF HIP JOINT 3
8.ADDUCTOR CANAL 3
9.INVERTER AND AVERTOR 3
10.FOOT DROP 3
11.POPLITEAL FOSSA 4
12.MOVEMENT OF KNEE JOINT AND MUSCLE PRODUCING IT 4
13.FLEXOR OF KNEE JOINT 4
14.FEMORAL TRIANGLE 4
15.POPLITEAL ARTERY 3
15.FLAT FOOT 2
16.OBTURATOR NERVE 3
17.LIGAMENTS OF ANKLE JOINT 2
18.HAMSTRING MUSCLES 3
19.STRUCTURE DEEP TO GLUTEUS MAXIMUS 2
20.LOCKING AND UNLOCKING OF KNEE JOINT 4
21.VENOUS DRAINAGE OF LOWER LIMB 3
22.COMMON PERONEAL NERVE 3
23.DISTRIBUTION OF FEMORAL NERVE 3
24.LIGAMENTS OF KNEE JOINT 3
25.TRENDELENBERG TEST 3
26.FEMORAL HERNIA 3
27.CONJOINT TENDON & ITS APPLIED ANATOMY 3
THORAX MARKS
1.TYPICAL INTERCOSTAL NERVE 4
2.THORACIC DUCT 4
3.TYPICAL INTERCOSTAL SPACES 3
4.CONSTRICTION OF OESOPHAGUS 2
5.CARDIAC PLEXUS 4
6.LEFT VENTRICAL OF HEART 4
7.BLOOD SUPPLY OF HEART 4
8.ARCH OF AORTA 3
9.RIGHT ATRIUM 3
10.CO-ARCTATION OF AORTA 3
11. DESCENDING THORACIC AORTA 3
12. RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY 3
13. PUMP HANDLE AND BUCKET HANDLE MOVEMENT 4
14.OPENINGS OF DIAPHRAGM WITH THEIR VERTEBRAL LEVELS & CONTENTS 4
15.BRANCHOPULMONARY SEGMENT [RT.&LT] 4
16.PLEURA WITH IT’S APPLIED ANATOMY 4
17.DIAPHRAGM MUSCLE 4
18.DIAPHRAGM AND ITS MAJOR OPENING 4
19.CARDIODIAPHRAGMATIC RECESS 2
20.PLEURAL RECESS 3
21.STRUCTURE PASSING THROUGH AORTIC OPENING OF DIAPHRAGM 3
22.AZYGOUS VENOUS SYSTEM 4
23. BRANCHOPULMONARY SEGMENT OF LEFT LUNG 4
HEAD AND NECK MARKS
1.FASCIAL ARTERY [ORIGIN,COURSE,BRANCHES] 3
2.MOVEMENT OF VOCAL CORDS 3
3.MUSCLE OF MASTICATION 3
4.TYMPANIC MEMBRANE 3
5.CUTANEOUS NERVE SUPPLY OF SCALP [APPLIED] 2
6.MUSCLE SUPPLIED BY MANDIBULAR NERVE 2
7.BOUNDRIES AND CONTENTS OF SUBOCCIPITAL TRIANGLE 3
8.TRIBUTARIES OF INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN 2
9.MOVEMENT OF EYE BALL 3
10.LAYERS OF SCALP 3
11.FONTANELLES 3
12.ACTION AND NERVE SUPPLY OF EXTRA-OCULAR MUSCLES 2
13.WALDEYER’S RING 3
14.NASAL CAVITY ,BLOOD SUPPLY AND NERVE SUPPLY 5
15.LATERAL WALL OF NOSE (OPENING) 3
16.OPENING IN MIDDLE MEATUS OF NOSE 2
17.STRUCTURE PASSING THROUGH SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE 2
18.STRUCTURE PASSING THROUGH PAROTID GLAND 4
19.RELATION AND BLOOD SUPPLY OF THYROID GLAND 3
20.MANDIBULAR NERVE 3
21.ANSA CERVICALIS 2
22.BRANCHES OF CIRCLE OF WILLIS 2
23.RELATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS OF CAVERNOUS SINUS 3
25.MAXILLARY ARTERY 4
26.DANGEROUS AREA OF FACE 3
27.LACRIMAL APPARATUE 4
28.SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND AND IT’S RELATIONS 2
29.ORIGIN ,COURSE AND BRANCHES OF EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY 3
30.CILIAC GANGLION 3
31.CRUCIATE ANASTAMOSIS 2
32.DEVELOPMENT AND INNERVATION OF TONGUE (MICROANATOMY) 3
33.CRICOTHYROID MUSCLE OF LARYNX 2
34.STRUCTURE OF HYOGLOSSUS 3
35.BLOOD SUPPLY OF FACE 3
36.NASAL SEPTUM BLOOD AND NERVE SUPPLY 3
37.RELATION OF PAROTID GLAND AND ITS NERVE SUPPLY 3
38.COURSE AND BRANCHES OF FASCIAL NERVE [APPLIED ANATOMY] 3
39.INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA 2
40.TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT ,MOVEMENTS AND MUSCLE PRODUCING THESE MOVEMENT 3
41.SUBMANDIBULAR GANGLION 3
42.CORNEA 2
43.BRANCHES OF BASILIAR ARTERY 2
44.MAXILLARY SINUS 3
45.BLACK EYE 3
46.OCCULOMOTOR NERVE PARALYSIS 3
47.INVESTING LAYER OF DEEP CERVICAL FASCIA 3
48.INTRINSIC MUSCLE OF LARYNX 3
49.RELATION AND APPLIED ANATOMY OF THYROID GLAND 3
50.BUCCINATOR MUSCLE 2
51.DIGESTRIC MUSCLE 3
52.TASTEPATHWAY FROM ANTERIOR 2/3 OF TONGUE 2
53.RELATION AND BLOOD SUPPLY OF TRACHEA 3
54.SUPERIOR OBLIQUE MUSCLE OF EYE BALL 3
55.PALATINE TONSIL 3
56.MUSCLE OF LARYNX [ NERVE SUPPLY AND ACTION ] 4
57.MICROANATOMY OF SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND 3
58.GROSS ANATOMY AND APPLIED ANATOMY OF PARANASAL SINUSES 3
59.CAROTID SHEATH [LABELLED DIAGRAMS ONLY] 3
60.CARTILAGES OF LARYNX 3
61.CONSTRICTOR MUSCLES OF PHARYNX 3
62.THYROGLOSSAL CYST 2
63.CERVICAL PLEXUS 3
64.GROSS ANATOMY AND APPLIED ANATOMY OF SOFT PALATE 3
65.BELL`S PALSY 4
66.DRAW A LABELLED DIAGRAM SHOWING
 a.MEDIAL WALL OF MIDDLE EAR 3
 b.BOUNDARIES AND CONTENTS OF POSTERIOR TRIANGLE OF NECK 3
67. FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS AND NUCLEI OF FASCIAL NERVE 2
 BRAIN MARKS
1.BLOOD SUPPLY OF BRAIN 4
2.UPPER MOTOR NEURON LESION 4
3. VENOUS DRAINAGE OF BRAIN 3
4.T.S. AT THE LEVELS OF SUPERIOR COLLICULUS OF MIDBRAIN 3
5. T.S. OF MIDBRAIN AT THE LEVELS OF INFERIOR COLLICULUS 3
6.FLOOR OF 4TH
 VENTRICLE 3
7.3
RD
 VENTRICLE OF BRAIN 4
8.COMPONENTS OF INFERIOR CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLE 2
9.BRANCHES OF SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION 2
10.FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF SUPEROLATERAL ASPECT OF CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE 3
11.ARTERY SUPPLY OF SUPEROLATERAL SURFACE OF CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE 3
12.PAIN AND TEMPERATURE PATHWAY 3
13. VISUAL PATHWAY 3
14.DEEP NUCLEI OF CEREBELLUM 2
15.PARASYMPATHETIC OUTFLOW 3
16.INTERNAL CAPSULE [ PARTS ,FIBRE COMPONENTS ,BLOOD SUPPLY AND APPLIED ] 3
17. CORPOUS CALLOSUM 3
18.PYRAMIDAL TRACTS 3
19.BASAL GANGLION 3
20. NUCLEI OF THALAMUS AND ITS CONNECTION 4
21. FUNCTION AND APPLIED ANATOMY OF CEREBELLUM 3
22.SPINAL CORD SHOWING ASCENDING TRACTS 3
23.VARIOUS TRACTS OF SPINAL CORD [ DIAGRAM] 3
24.TYPICAL SPINAL NERVE 4
25.SECTION OF MEDULLA OBLONGATA AT THE LEVEL OF PYRAMIDAL AND SENSORY DECHSSATION
[DIAGRAM] 3
26.MICROANATOMY OF CEREBELLUM 2
27.ACCOMODATION REFLEXES 2
28.SUBARCHANOID CISTERNS 3
29.SPINAL CORD 3
30.DEFINITION OF SPINAL SEGMENT AND BLOOD SUPPLY OF SPINAL CORD 3
31.APPLIED ASPECT OF SPINOTHALAMIC TRACTS 3
32. CENTRAL PART OF LATERAL VENTRICLE 3
33.SUBARACHANOID SPACES 3
34.LATERAL SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT 3
35.VENTRICULAR SYSTEM OF BRAIN 4
36.GLOSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE [ BRANCHES AND DISTRIBUTION ] 4
37.CERBERO SPINAL FLUID [CSF] 4
38.MEDIAL MEDULLARY SYNDROME 3
39.HYDROCEPHALUS 3
40.BLOOD SUPPLY OF CEREBRUM 4
41.FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS OF TRIGEMINAL NERVE 2
42.SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACTS WITH APPLIED ANATOMY 3
43.MANIFESTATIONS OF CEREBELLAR DYSFUNCTION 3
ABDOMEN MARKS
1.SPERMATIC CORD 3
2.LESSAR SAC 3
3.CONTENTS OF BROAD LIGAMENTS 2
4.STRUCTURE FORMING STOMACH BED & BLOOD SUPPLY OF STOMACH 3
5.LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF STOMACH 3
6.BRANCHES OF SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERIES 2
7.RELATION OF PANCREASE 3
8.RELATION OF LIVER 3
9.RELATION AND APPLIED ANATOMY OF KIDNEY 4
10.BLOOD SUPPLY AND APPLIED ANATOMY OF STOMACH 4
11.INTERNAAL FEATURE AND STRUCTURE OF ANAL CANAL 3
12.RELATION AND BLOOD SUPPLY OF SPLEEN 3
13.LOBES AND APPLIED ANATOMY OF PROSTATE GLAND 3
14.TRIBUTARIES OF IVC 2
15.EXTRAHEPATIC BILIARY APPARATUS 2
16.PORTOCAVAL ANASTOMOSIS 3
17.APPLIED ANATOMY OF PORTAL SYSTEM OF ABDOMEN 3
18.PARTS,SURFACES AND RELATION OF KIDNEY 4
19.BRANCHES OF LUMBAR PLEXUS 3
20.SUPPORTS OF UTERUS AND ITS APPLIED ANATOMY 4
21.PROSTATE 4
22.BLOOD SUPPLY OF KIDNEY AND COVERING WITH CLINICAL IMPORTANCE 4
23.INGUINAL HERNIA 4
24.INGUINAL CANAL 3
25.BRANCHES OF ABDOMINAL AORTA 3
26.CONTENTS OF SIGMOID MESOCOLON 2
27.FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF KIDNEY 2
28.STRUCTURE FORMING WALL OF SCROTUM 3
29.BRANCHES OF INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY 2
30.LIGAMENTS OF OVARY 2
31.VENTRAL BRANCHES OF ABDOMINAL AORTA 2
32.STRUCTURE FORMING ANTERIOR WALL OF EPIPLOYIC FORAMEN 2
33.ANAL CANAL 4
34.BRANCHES OF POSTERIOR DIVISION OF INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY 2
35.STRUCTURE PASSING THROUGH SUPERFICIAL INGUINAL RING 2
36.MUSCLE FORMING PELVIC DIAPHAGM AND THEIR NERVE SUPPLY 3
37.MICROANATOMY OF DUODENUM 3
38.ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF STOMACH AND THEIR ORIGIN 2
39.EXTERNAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LARGE AND SMALL INTESTINE 2
40. RECTUS SHEATH 4
41.VERMIFORM APPENDISE 2
42.MICROANATOMY OF SMALL INTESTINE 3
43.STRUCTURE IN THE FREE MARGIN OF LASER OMENTUM 2
44.TRIBUTARIES OF PORTAL VEIN 2
45.LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF UTERUS 2
46.MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF LIVER 4
47.PELVIC DIAPHRAGM 4
48.SITES OF CONSTRICTION OF UTERUS 2
49.STRUCTURE PALPABLE THROUGH ANTERIOR WALL OF RECTUM 2
50.ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF SUPRARENAL GLAND 2
51.BLOOD SUPPLY AND LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL 3
52.PARETONEAL LIGAMENTS ATTACHED TO LIVER 2
53.CONTENTS OF LIENO-RENAL LIGAMENTS 2
54.SPERMIOGENESIS 2
55.POUCH OF DOUGLAS 3
56.RIGHT KIDNEY :-RELATION ,HISTOLOGY,BLOOD SUPPLY,APPLIED ANATOMY 8
57.DESCENT OF TESTIS 3
58.PARENEAL BODY 3
59.NORMAL CONSTRICTIONS OF URETER 2
60.ANATOMICAL BASIS OF PAIN AROUND UMBILICES APPENDICITIS 3
61.ISCHIORECTAL FOSSA [BOUNDARIES,CONTENTS AND APPLIED ANATOMY] 4
62.CAPSULES OF KIDNEY 3
63.BLOOD SUPPLY OF LARGE INTESTINE AND CORRELATE WITH ITS DEVELOPMENT 3
64.ABDOMINAL REGIONS AND THEIR CONTENTS 4
EMBRYOLOGY MARKS
1.DEVELOPMENT OF FOLLOWING EACH (3) MARKS
a.KIDNEY b.FACE c.RIGHT ATRIUM
d.HYALINE CARTILAGE e.OVARY f.PALATE
g.LIVER h.LIPS i.RECTUM
j. ANAL CANAL k.TRACHEA
2.DERIVATIVES OF MIDGUT 2
3. DERIVATIVES OF PHARYNGEAL POUCHES 3
4. DERIVATIVES OF URETERIC BUD 2
5. DERIVATIVES OF CLOACA 3
6. DERIVATIVES OF MESONEPHRIC DUCT 3
7. DERIVATIVES OF MESODERM OF 1ST PHARYNGEAL ARCH 3
8. DERIVATIVES OF PARAMESONEPHERIC DUCT 2
9.FUNCTION OF PLACENTA 2
10. SUBDIVISION OF SOMITE 2
11.EMBRYOLOGICAL BASIS OF DIAPHRAGM 2
12.DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES IN RELATION WITH INTERATRIAL AND INTERVENTRICULAR
SEPTUM 3
13. DEVELOPMENT OF ATRIAL SEPTUM WITH ITS APPLIED ANATOMY 3
14. DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES OF ARTERIAL ARCH ARTERIES 3
15. DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES OF TRACHEA 3
16.DEVELOPMENT OF URINARY BLADDER WITH DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES 3
17.DERIVATIVES OF DORSAL MESOGASTRIUM 2
18.ROTATION OF GUT 3
19.CLEFT-PALATE 2
20.DEVELOPMENT OF THYROID GLAND AND ITS ANOMALIES 3
21. DEVELOPMENT OF INTERATRIAL SEPTUM 3
22.THYROGLOSSAL CYST 2
23.DERIVATIVES OF NEURAL CREST 2
24. DEVELOPMENT OF PANCREAS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES 4
HISTOLOGY MARKS
1.HISTOLOGY OF FOLLOWING EACH [3] MARK
a.PANCREASE b.TRACHEA c.OESOPHAGUS
d.TESTIS e.LUNG f.SPLEEN
g.SUPRARENAL GLAND h.SPINAL CORD i.PROSTATE
j.THYROID GLAND k.LIVER l.VERMIFORM APPENDIX
m.FUNCTIONAL ASCEPT OF GALL BLADDER n.PAROTID GLAND o.OVARY
p.SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND
2.MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF PITUTARY GLAND 3
3. MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF THYMAS 3
4. MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF HYPOPHYSIS CEREBRI 3
5. MICROSTRUCTURE OF LYMPH NODE 3
6.MICROANATOMY OF PALATINE TONSIL 3
7. MICROANATOMY OF ELASTIC CARTILAGE 3
8. MICROANATOMY OF MIXED SALIVARY GLAND 3
9. MICROANATOMY OF COMPACT BONE 3
10. MICROANATOMY OF ADENOHYPOPHYSIS 3
11. MICROANATOMY OF THYROID GLAND 3
12. MICROANATOMY OF HYLAINE CARTILAGE 3
13. MICROANATOMY OF ELASTIC ARTERY 3
14. MICROANATOMY OF OVARY 4
15. MICROANATOMY OF MUSCULAR ARTERY 3
PHYSIOLOGY
GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY MARKS
1.NA + - K+ PUMP AND IT`S SIGNIFICANCE 4
2.RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL 3
3.ACTIVE TRANSPORT 3
4.PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT 3
5.PROTEIN CHANNELS 2
6.CELL ADHESION MOLECULES 3
7.GENERATOR POTENTIAL AND ACTION POTENTIAL 3
8.MEMBRANE EXCITABILITY DURING ACTION POTENTIAL IN A NERVE FIBRE 4
9.ELECTRONIC POTENTIAL 3
MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY MARKS
1.MOTOR UNIT 2
2.SARCOMERE 2
3.ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION 2
4.CHRONAXIE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE 2
5.ELECTROMYOGRAPHY 3
6.POST TETANIC AND LONG TERM POTENTIAL 2
7.MOLECULER BASIS OF CONTRACTION OF MUSCLE 4
8. MOLECULER BASIS OF LENGTH TENSION RELATIONSHIP IN SKELTON MUSCLE 4
9.MYASTHENIA GRAVIS 3
10.ANTICHOLINATRASS DRUGS GIVEN IN MYASTHENIA GRAVIS 3
11.STRENGTH DURATION CURVE 4
12.CHARACTERISTICS OF SKELTON MUSCLE CONTRACTION 3
13.ISOTONIC AND ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION IN SKELTON MUSCLE 3
14.ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF SKELTAL MUSCLE 4
15.EXCITATION CONTRACTION COUPLING 4
16.FACTORS AFFECTING CONTRACTION OF SKELTAL MUSCLE 4
17.ROLE OF GAMMA EFFERENT IN MUSCLE CONTRACTION 4
18.ALL OR NONE LAW 4
SPECIAL SENSES MARKS
1.DARK AND LIGHT ADAPTATION 3
2.SCOTOPIC AND PHOTOPIC VISION 2
3.MYOPIA AND PRESSBYOPIA 2
4.PHOTO TRANSDUCTION IN RODS AND CONS 3
5.REDUCED EYE 3
6.WEBER’S AND RINNER’S TEST 3
7.VESTIBULOCULAR REFLEX 3
8.CONDUCTIVE DEAFNESS AND NERVE DEAFNESS 2
9.TONIC LABYRNTHINE AND TONIC NECK REFLEX 2
10.VESTIBULAR FUNCTION TESTS 3
11.GLUTAMATE 3
12.OTOLITH ORGAN 3
13.FUNCTION OF MIDDLE EAR 3
14.ROLE OF SEMICIRCULAR CANAL IN ROTATIONAL MOTION 4
15.BEL AND DESIBEL 2
16.COLOUR VISION 3
17.HAIR CELLS 3
18.ACCOMMODATION REFLEX 3
19.PATHWAY FOR OLFACTION 3
20.HYPERMETROPIA 3
21.LIGHT REFLEX 3
22.ASTIGMATISM 3
23.COLOUR BLINDNESS 3
BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS MARKS
1.RH COMPATIBILITY 3
2.RH INCOMPATIBILITY 3
3.ABO BLOOD GROUPING 3
4.FUNCTIONS OF PLASMA PROTEINS 3
5.REGULATION OF ERYTHROPOISIS 3
6.ANTI MICROBIAL MECHANISM OF NEUTROPHILS 3
7.FUNCTION OF PLATELETS 3
8.DEFINE HAEMOSTASIS. ENUMERATE DIFFERENT MECHNISM BY WHICH BLOOD LOSS IS
PREVENTED DRAW A FLOW CHART SHOWING THE REACTION INVOLVED IN FORMATION OF CLOT
BY EXTRINSIC PATHWAY AND INTRINSIC PATHWAY 1+3+3=7
9.AUTOIMMUNITY 3
10. IMMUNOGLOBULINE 3
11. CELLULAR IMMUNITY 3
12. HUMORAL IMMUNITY 3
13.ABSORPTION OF Fe 3
14.BLOOD GROUPS 4
15.BLOOD CLOTTING FACTORS 2
16. BLOOD TRANSFUSION 3
17.HAEMOPHILIA 2
18.NAME OF FACTORS OF BLOOD COAGULATION .DISCUSS THE INTRINSIC + EXTRINSIC MECHANISM
OF COAGULATION. 2+5=7
19. ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FOETALIS 3
20. BLOOD PICTURE IN Fe AND VIT.B12 DEFICIENCY ANEMIA 2
21.HYPOPROTEINEMIA MAY LEAD TO OEDEMA [PHYSIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION ] 3
22.IRON –DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA IS COMMON IN PRAGNANT WOMEN IN INDIA .[ PHYSIOLOGICAL
EXPLANATION ] 3
23.RBC IN VENOUS BLOOD ARE MORE FRAGILE [EXPLANATION ] 3
24.PCV AND PH OF ARTERIAL AND VENOUS BLOOD IS DIFFER [ EXPLAIN ] 3
25 OXYGEN HAEMOGLOBIN DISSOCIATION CURVE 3
26. PHAGOCYTOSIS 2
27.CHEMOTAXIS 2
28.FIBRINOLYTIC SYSTEM 2
29.FACTORS AFFECTED FOR ERYTHROPOISIS 3
30.HLA ANTIGEN 2
31.HEPARIN AND DIEUMAROL 2
32.ALBUMIN AND GLOBUMIN 2
33.FETAL AND ADULT Hb 2
34.LAMINAR AND TURBULANT FLOW IN BLOOD VESSELS 2
35.DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLASMA AND SERUM 2
36.NEUTROPHL AND EOSINOPHIL 2
37.RESISTANCE AND CAPCITANCE VESSELS 2
38. FUNCTION OF LYMPH 3
39.FREE HAEMOGLOBIN 3
40.HEMOPHILIA A 2
41.HAEMATINIC PRINCIPLE 2
42.IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE 2
43.RELATIVE LYMPHOCYTOSIS 2
44.GIVE AN ACCOUNT OF BIOPHYSICAL CONSIDERATION (HAEMODYNAMICS) OF BLOOD FLOW 7
45.FORCES ACROSS CAPILLARY WALL 3
46.EXPLAIN GRANULOPOIESIS AND ITS REGULATION [WELL LABELED DIAGRAMS] 7
ENDOCRINOLOGY MARKS
1.GOITRE 3
2.CALCITONIN 3
3.ACROMEGALY 4
4.GLUCAGON 3
5.FUNCTION OF THYROXIN 3
6.CAISSION’S DISEASE 3
7.THYROID FUNCTION TEST 3
8.THYROID AND PITUTARY DWARFS 4
9. HYPERTHYRODISM 3
10. TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS 3
11.NAME THE HORMONE WHICH REGULATE BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL 2
12.WHAT ARE THE LAYERS OF ADRENAL CORTEX. DISCUSS THE FEATURES OF CUSHING SYNDROME
 2+4=6
13.MILK LET DOWN REFLEX 3
14.FEATURE OF TETANY 4
15.ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY [ORT] 3
16.HORMONES OF PLACENTA 3
17.HORMONES REGULATING BLOOD CALCIUM LEVEL 4
18. REGULATION OF CALCIUM METABOLISM 3
19.HORMONE OF ANTERIOR PITUTARY. FUNCTION OF GROWTH HORMONE AND EFFECT OF ITS
HYPERSECRETION 7
20.HORMONE OF KIDNEY 4
21. REGULATION OF SECRETION OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS 4
22.FUNCTION OF THYROID HORMONE WHAT HAPPENS WHEN INCREASE OR DECREASE 5
23.PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF SIGN AND SYMPTOM OF DIABETES MELLITUS 3
24.HYPOTHALAMUS CONTROLS OF OVARIAN FUNCTIONS 3
25.MAJOR SOURCES OF ADRENOCORTICAL HORMONES. PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF
GLUCOCORTICOIDS. ADD NOTE TO ITS ABNORMALITIS. 7
26.GLUCOCORTICOIDS AND MINERLOCORTICOIDS. 3
27. FUNCTIONS OF CORTICOSTEROIDS 3
28.SOMATOSTATIN AND STOMATOMADIN. 3
29.HORMONE RELEASED DURING STRESS 3
30.ENDEMIC AND EXOPTHALAMIC GOITRE 3
31.OXYTOCIN AND VASOPRESSIN 3
32. VITAMIN D 3
33.HOW INSULIN IS SECRETE AND WRITE ITS ACTIONS 3
34.DIABETES MELLITUS 4
35. CONN’S DISEASE 3
36.PHYSIOLOGY OF LACTATION 3
37.PARATHYROID HORMONE 3
38.FUNCTIONS OF MELATONIN 2
39.CONTROL OF GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION 2
40.HYPOTHYROIDISM 3
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM MARKS
1.MENSTRUAL CYCLE 4
2.OVARIAN CYCLE 3
3.OESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE IN THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE 3
4.HORMONE REGULATION OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE 3
5.TESTS TO DETECT OVULATION 3
6.PHYSIOLOGY OF LACTATION 4
7.LACTATIONAL AMENORRLOEA 3
8.SERTOLI CELLS 3
9.LEYDIG CELLS 4
10.TESTOSTERONE 2
11.SPERMATOGENESIS & FACTOR AFFECTING MOTILITY OF SPERM 7
12.CAPACITATION 2
13.MECHANISM OF PARTURITION 3
14.CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES IN SEX DEVELOPMENT DETERMINATION 3
15.HORMONE SECRETED BY PLACENTA AND THEIR PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE 3
16.FETOPLACENTAL UNIT 3
17.PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE 3
18.METHODS OF MALE CONTRACEPTION 3
19.MECHANISM OF ACTION OF HORMONE PILLS 3
20.WRITE NOTE ONSET OF PUBIRITY 3
21.BLOOD –TESTIS -BARRIER 3
22.MATERNAL CHANGES OCCURING DURING PRAGNANCY 3
23.UTERINE CYCLE 3
24.METABOLIC CHANGES IN PREGNANCY 3
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM [GIT] MARKS
1.DIABETES INSIPIDUS 3
2.TASTE BUDS 3
3.PHASES OF DEGLUTINATION & ITS CONTROL 4
4.DIGESTION OF FAT 3
5. DIGESTION OF PROTEIN 4
6.REGULATION OF FOOD INTAKE 3
7.GASTROCOLIC REFLEX 3
8.CARDIOCHLASIA 2
9.ENTEROHEPATIC CIRCULATION 3
10. REGULATION OF GASTRIC SECREATION 3
11.BILE SALTS AND ITS FUNCTION 4
12.MECHANISM OF GASTRIC EMPTYING 3
13.SHAM FEEDING 2
14.WHAT IS DEGLUTITION REFLEX AND GIVE ITS PATHWAY ALSO WRITE ABOUT THE STAGES OF
DEGLUTITION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF DEGLUTITION APNOEA 5+3=8
15.GASTRIC MOTALITY AND EMPTYING 4
16.FUNCTIONS AND REGULTATION OF SALIVARY SECRECTION 3
17.CCK-PZ HORMONE 3
18.ACHLASIA 2
19.MECHANISM OF GASTRIC HCL SECRETIONS AND ITS REGULATION 5
20. DIETARY FIBRE 4
21.SMALL INTESTINE MOTILITY 4
22.PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PEPTIC ULCER 3
23.CONSEQUENCE OF GASTRECTOMY 3
24.REGULATION OF RELEASE OF BILE JUICE FROM GALL BLADDER 4
25.GASTRIC MUCOSAL BARRIER 3
26.GASTRACTOMY RESULTS IN PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA 3
27.WHAT IS JAUNDICE . CLASSIFY AND DESCRIBE ITS DETAIL 1+6=7
28.PHASES OF GASTRIC SECRETION 4
29.FACTORS REGULATING GASTRIC MOTILITY 4
30.SUCCUS ENTERICUS OR INTESTINAL JUICE 3
RENAL PHYSIOLOGY & SKIN MARKS
1.RENAL HANDLING OF GLUCOSE 4
2.MECHANISM OF RENAL HANDLING OF SODIUM 4
3.PHYSIOLOGY OF MICTURITION 4
4.JGA [JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS] 3
5.ROLE OF KIDNEY IN REGULATION OF BODY FLUID OSMOLARITY 5
6.FUNCTION OF PCT 4
7.TUBULO-GLOMERULAR FEEDBACK 3
8.NON-EXCRETORY FUNCTION OF KIDNEY 3
9.LOOP DIURETICS 2
10.ATONIC URINARY BLADDER 3
11.TMG [TUBULAR MAXIMUM FOR GLUCOSE] 2
12.WATER DIURESIS 2
13.MECHANISM OF URINE CONCENTRATION 4
14.a. WHAT IS ULTRA FILTRATE ? GIVE STRUCTURE OF GLOMERULAR FILTRATION MEMBRANE AND
DESCRIBE THE MECHANISM OF GLOMERULAR FILTRATION 7
b.HOW DOES TONICITY OF FLUIDS CHANGES ALONG THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF NEPHRON 3
15.OSMOTIC AND WATER DIURESIS 3
16.RENAL BLOOD FLOW 3
17.ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY 3
18.FACTORS AFFECTING GFR AND ITS REGULATION 3
19.ABSORPTION OF WATER IN DIFFERENT SEGMENTES OF TUBULE 3
20.STARLING FORCES DETERMINING RATE OF FILTERATION IN A CAPILLARY 3
21. COUNTER CURRENT MULTIPLIER AND COUNTER CURRENT EXCHANGERS 6
22.RENAL FUNCTION TESTS 4
23. CYSTOMETROGRAM [CMG] 3
24. THERMAL AND NON- THERMAL SWEATING 2
25. BODY RESPONSE TO COLD TEMPERATURE 3
26. BODY RESPONSE TO HOT TEMPERATURE 3
27.MECHANISM OF TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN COLD WEATHER 3
28. NON SHIVERING THERMOGENESIS 3
29.CHILD IS NOT ABLE TO ADOPT THE ENVIROMENTAL TEMPERATURE 3
30.SPECIAL FEATURE AND REGULATION OF BLOOD FLOW TO THE SKIN 3
31.HEAT GAIN AND HEAT LOSS IN TEMPERATURE REGULATION 4
32. POIKILOTHERMIA AND HYPOTHERMIA 2
33.CORE TEMPERATURE 2
34.CORTICAL AND JUXTA –MEDULLARY NEPHRONS [ DIFFERENCE] 4
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM & ENVIROMENTAL
PHYSIOLOGY MARKS
1.TRANSPORT OF O2 4
2.TRANSPORT OF CO2 4
3.NEURAL CONTROL OF RESPIRATION 4
4. CHEMICAL REGULATION OF RESPIRATION 4
5.MECHANISM OF RESPIRATION 3
6.ALVEOLAR VENTILLATION 3
7.VOLUMES AND CAPACITIES OF LUNG 3
8. NON-RESSPIRATORY FUNCTION OF THE LUNG 3
9.SURFACTANT AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE 3
10.LABELLED DIAGRAM OF RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE 3
11.HOW HYPERCAPNIA CONTROL RESPIRATION 3
12.VENTILATION –PERFUSION RATIO 3
13.OXYGEN –Hb CURVE 4
14.HYPOXIA 3
15.RESPIRATORY COMPLIANCE 4
16.FACTORS AFFECTING O2 CARRYING CAPACITY OF Hb 3
17.HALDANE AND BOHR’S EFFECT 3
18.GIVE THE PRESSURE CHANGES DURING VENTILLATION AND THE FACTOR AFFECTING IT 7
19. ADJUSTMENT TAKING PLACE AT HIGH ALTITUDE IN OUR BODY [ACCLIMATIZATION] 3
20.PULMONARY FUNCTIONS TEST 5
21.DIFFERENCE IN VENTILLATION AND BLOOD FLOW IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF LUNG 3
22.HEARING – BREURER REFLEXES 2
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM MARKS
1.DRAW A WELL LABELLED DIAGRAM OF BARORECEPTOR ARC . EXPLAIN THE ROLE OF
BARORECEPTOR IN REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE. 4+3=7
2.BARORECEPTOR REFLEX 3
3.HEART SOUNDS 3
4. SECOND HEART SOUND 3
5.CORONARY CIRCULATION 3
6. CARDIAC CYCLE 3
7.CARDIAC OUTPUT . FACTOR REGULATING IT. 7
8.HYPOVOLUMIC SHOCK 3
9. CARDIOGENIC SHOCK 3
10.SINUS NODE GENERATES CARDIAC IMPULSE 3
11.ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK 2
12.HYPOXIC HYPOXIA AND ANAEMIC HYPOXIA 3
13.SINUS ARYTHMIA 2
14.WINDKESSEL VESSELS 3
15.ARTERIAL HYPOXIA AND ITS CAUSES 3
16.PROPERTIES OF CARDIAC MUSCLE 4
17.DEFINE CARDIAC OUTPUT AND CARDIAC INDEX . DESCRIBE HETEROMETRIC AND HOMOMETRIC
REGULATION OF CARDIAC OUTPUT. 2+5=7
18.LATERAL PRESSURE IN BLOOD VESSELS IS LESS THAN THE END PRESSURE 3
19.PACEMAKER POTENTIAL 3
20.P-R INTERVAL OF ECG AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE 3
21.ORTHODROMIC CONDUCTION AND ANTIDROMIC CONDUCTION 3
22.LONG TERM REGULATION OF B.P. 4
23.TRIPLE RESPONSE 3
24.BLOOD PRESSURE FALLS DURING CAROTID SINUS STIMULATIONS PHYSIOLOGICAL
EXPLAINATION 3
25.PROPERTIES OF SENSORY RECEPTOR 3
26.EFFECT OF SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC STIMULATION OF PACEMAKER POTENTIAL OF
HEART 3
27.SYSTEMIC AND PULMONARY CIRCULATION 4
28.DESCRIBE THE METHOD OF MEASURMENT OF CARDIAC OUTPUT 3
29.CARDIOVASCULAR ADJUSTMENT DURING MODERATE EXERCISE 3
30.IMMEDIATE RESPONSE OF THE BODY TO A SUDDEN FALL OF BLOOD PRESSURE 3
31.MYOCARDINAL ACTION POTENTIAL AND PACEMAKER POTENTIAL IN CARDIAC MUSCLE
CORRELATES WITH IONIC CONDUCTION 3
32. REFRACTORY PERIOD OF CARDIAC MUSCLE 2
33.SECOND DEGREE HEART BLOCK 3
34.DESCRIBE COMPENSATORY MECHANISM OF CIRCULATION DURING NON-PROGRESSIVE
HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK 4
35.JVP [JUGULAR VENOUS PULSE] 3
36.WAVES OF ECG 3
37.GIVE AN ACCOUNT OF NEURAL MECHANISMS THAT BRING ABOUT REGULATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 7
38.VIS- A- TERGA OR LEFT VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION 3
39.FRANK STARLING LAW 2.5
40.BEZOLD JARISCH REFLEX 2.5
41.DEFINE SHOCK.EXPLAIN THE POSITIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM INVOLVED IN PRECIPITATION OF
REFRACTORY SHOCK . 8
42. (a) LAW OF LAPLACE ( b) TYPES OF ARTERIES 5
NERVOUS SYSTEM MARKS
1.CONDITION AND UNCONDITION REFLEX 4
2.PUPILLARY REFLEX 2
3.ACCOMODATION AND LIGHT REFLEX 2
4.WITHDRAWL REFLEX 3
5.AXON REFLEX 3
6.STRETCH AND INVERSE STRETCH REFLEX 2
7.DESCRIBE POSTURAL REFLEXES GIVE MECHANISM OF STANDING IN HUMAN BEINGS 8
8. PAIN 8
9.OUTLINE THE PATHWAY OF THE PAIN FROM SKIN TO SENSORY CORTEX. ADD TO STRESS
ANALGESIA. 8
10. REFERRED PAIN 3
11.FAST AND SLOW PAIN 2
12.SOMATIC AND VISCERAL PAIN 2
13.SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP PAIN 2
14.WHY SOLDIER DO NOT FEEL PAIN DURING WAR 3
15.SLEEP DISORDERS 3
16.REM SLEEP \ NON –REM SLEEP 4
17.ECG CHANGES DURING SLEEP 4
18.SLOW WAVE SLEEP 3
19.PARADOXIAL SLEEP 3
20.DEFINE POSTURE . DESCRIBE THE ROLE OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF BRAIN IN REGULATION OF
POSTURE . 8
21.TESTS TO DETECT THE CEREBELLAR DYSFUNCTION 3
22.BROWN SEQUARD SYNDROME 3
23.ROLE OF CEREBELLUM IN CONTROL OF VOLUNTRY MOVEMENT GIVE TESTS TO DETECT THE
CEREBELLAR DYSFUNCTIONS 4+4=8
24.FEED BACKWARD AND FEED FORWARD INHIBITION 2
25. NEURONAL CIRCUIT OF CEREBELLUM 4
26.ALPHA-GAMMA LINKAGE OF CEREBELLUM 3
27.PRESYNAPTIC INHIBITION AND PRESYNAPTIC FACILITATION 2
28.CEREBELLUM ACT AS COMPARATOR OF SEVERAL MECHANISM 3
29.BABINSKI SIGN AND ITS SIGNIFICANC 3
30.CEREBELLAR FUNCTION TEST 3
31 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MUSCLE SPINDLE 3
32. DESCRIBE MEMORY AND GIVE ITS MOLECULER BASIS ADD NOTE TO ALZHEIMER’S
DISEASE 4+4=8
33.EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT MEMMORY 3
34.EPSP AND IPSP 3
35.WALLERIAN DEGENERATION OF NERVE FIBRE 2
36.INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMITTER 3
37.INHIBITION OF SYNAPSE 4
38.BODY RESPONSE TO HUNGER 3
39.GIVE CONNECTIONS OF BASAL GANGLION . WRITE ABOUT THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF
SIGN, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE 4+3=7
40. ROLE OF HYPOTHALAMUS IN CONTROL OF HUNGER AND FEEDING 4
41.CHEMORECEPTOR IN BRAIN 3
42.DESCRIBE PHYSIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE WITH ITS DISORDER 4
43.GOLGI TENDON ORGAN AND MUSCLE SPINDLE 2
44.ALPHA BLOCK 3
45.CLASSIFICATION OF NERVE FIBRE 3
46.ENDOGENOUS PAIN RELEVING SYSTEM 3
47. MOTOR CORTEX 3
48.HORRIPILATION 2
49. DESCRIBE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MUSCLE SPINDLE IN STRETCH REFLEX 4
50. MIGRATING MOTOR COMPLEX 3
51.ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM 4
52.INHIBITION OF PAIN 4
53.SUMMATION AND OCCLUSION 3
54.HABITUATION AND SENSITIZATION 4
55.ROLE OF HYPOTHALAMUS IN BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION 4
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND
BIOTECHNOLOGY MARKS
1.POST TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN MEDICINE 4
2.WHAT IS TRANSLATION. EXPLAIN THE PROCESS OF POST TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION OF
PROTEIN WITH THEIR SIGNIFICANCE 8
3.POST TRANSCRIPTIONAL MODIFICATION 2.5
4.REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE AND ITS ROLE IN RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY 2.5
5.DESCRIBE THE PROCESS OF TRANSCRIPTION IN PROKARYOTES . HOW IT DIFFERS IN
EUKARYOTES 5
6. TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION AND TERMINATION SIGNALS 3
7. GIVE TWO EXAMPLE TO SPECIFY THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ANTIBIOTICS ON
TRANSLATION 2.5
8. PEPTIDE BOND FORMATION AND TRANSLOCATION DURING PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 2
9.RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE [ MOLECULAR SCISSORS] 3
10.DNA REPAIR MECHANISM AND ITS IMPORTANCE 4
11.GENETIC CODE 3
12.OKAZAKIFRAGMENT 2
13.XERODERMA PIGMENTATION 2
14.TELOMERASE 3
15. PROBE AND VECTOR 5
16. HUMAN GENOME PROJECT [ HGP] 2.5
17.REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION 5
18.RNA [COMPLETE] 5
19. DNA POLYMERASE – III 3
20.OPERON 4
21.DNA POLYMERASE IN PROKARYOTICES AND EUKARYOTES 4
22.PCR AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE. 4
23.NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION REPAIR 3
24.PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN PROKARYOTES 5
25.RNA EDITING 3
26.INDUCTION AND REPRESSION OF GENES 3
27.STRUCTURE OF DNA AND RNA 3
28.MUTATIONS 3
29. FRAME SHIFT MUTION WITH EXAMPLE 3
30.SOUTHERN BLOTTING 2
31.REPLICATION BUBBLE 3
32. HISTONES PROTEIN 2
33.rDNA TECHNOLOGY 3
34.WOBBLE HYPOTHESIS 3
35.RFLP 4
36.MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES 2.5
37.ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE 2
38.REPLICATION FORK 3
39.MUTAGENS 2
40.FISH (FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION) 2
41.NORTHERN BLOT 4
42.DRUGS AFFECTING TRANSLATION 3
METABOLISM MARKS
1.MAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE 3
2.REGULATION OF LIPOLYSIS 3
3.KETOSIS 3
4.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PYRIMIDINE METABOLISM 3
5.NON-OXIDATIVE PORTION OF HMP SHUNT 2
6.SYNTHESIS OF CREATINE AND CRETININE 2
7.CALCIUM 3
8.SODIUM 3
9.LESH NYHAN SYNDROME 2.5
10.CHOLESTEROL AND ITS BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE 2
11.DISCUSS IN DETAIL THE PROCESS OF GLYCOLYSIS AND ITS REGULATION 7
12.STARVATION 3
13.STEROID HORMONE 3
14.PHENYLKETONURIA 2
15.HARTNUP’S DISEASE 2
16.IODINE 3
17.PURINE ANALOGUES AND THEIR IMPORTANCE IN MEDICINE 2.5
18.BIOSYNTHESIS OF TYROSINE FROM PHENYALANINE 3
19.ONE CARBON METABOLISM 4
20.GLYCOSURIA 4
21.INHERITED METABOLIC DISORDER ASSOCIATED WITH PURINE SALVAGE PATHWAY 3
22.SELENIUM 4
23.SIGNIFICANCE OF RAISED UREA LEVEL 2
24.SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATIONS 2
25.METABOLISM OF SPECIALISED PRODUCTS 3
26.β- OXIDATION OF PALMITIC ACID 3
27.DISORDERS OF UREA CYCLE & EXPLAIN 2 COMMON CAUSES OF HYPERAMMONEMIA 7
28.ALLOPURINOL IS GIVEN TO GOUT PATIENTS 2
29.STATINS ARE GIVEN TO PATIENTS WITH HIGH CHOLESTEROL LEVEL 2
30.GLYCOGEN 2
31.DISCUSS BIOCHEMICAL IMPORTANCE OF Cu. DESCRIBE DISEASE IN RELATION TO COPPER
METABOLISM 4
32.HYPERKALEMIA 3
33.WHAT ARE KETONE BODIES. DISCUSS THE PATHOGENIC MECHANISM LEADING TO
KETOACIDOSIS 5
34.DISCUSS THE RECIPROCAL REGULATION OF GLYCOGENOLYSIS VS GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS 5
35.BIOCHEMICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND METABOLISM OF LDL 3
36.CYSTENOSIS 2
37.ALKEPTONURIA 3
38.WHAT ARE LIPOPROTEINS AND HOW THEY ARE SEPARATED ? STRUCTURE OF TYPICAL
LIPOPROTEIN PARTICLE. ROLE OF DIFFERENT LIPOPROTEINS IN LIPID TRANSPORT AND THEIR
CLINICAL IMPORTANCE 10
39.GLUCONEOGENESIS 4
40.GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE 3
41.TRANSAMINASES 3
42.CARNITINE TRANSPORT SYSTEM 3
43.Cu DECREASE IN IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA 2
44.BIOCHEMICAL CAUSE OF PRIMARY HYPERURICEMIA 4
45.ANTIBIOTICS AS INHIBITOR OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 4
46.KETOSIS 3
47.PYRAVATE KINASE 3
48.DISCUSS GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS AND BREAKDOWN IN MUSCLE AND LIVER 7
49.ADA 3
50.CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS 3
51.Fe HOMEOSTASIS 3
52.GLUCOSE -6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGEN ARE DEFICIENT INDIVIDUAL DEVELOP HEAMOLYSIS
WHEN GIVEN ANTI-MALARIAL DRUG 4
53.VARIOUS WAYS IN WHICH ACETYL CO A IS UTILISED IN BODY 4
54.ROLE OF Zn IN METABOLISM 2.5
55.OROTIC ACIDURIA 3
56.HOW CITRIC ACID CYCLE PLAY A CENTRAL ROLE IN METABOLISM 4
57.IONOPHORES 3
58.DESCRIBE THE METABOLIC PATHWAY OF REMOVAL OF AMMONIA FROM AMINO ACID . WRITE
ITS TRANSPORT IN BLOOD AND FINAL ELIMINATION FROM THE BODY 7
59.RECIPROCAL REGULATION OF GLYCOLYSIS AND GLUCONEOGENESIS 4
60.HDL METABOLISM 3
61.PRIMARY HYPEROXALUREA 3
62.GLYCOGEN METABOLISM 4
63.HYPER CHOLESTEROLEMIN 3
64.SYNTHESIS OF DEOXY NUCLOTIDES 3
65.FRUCTOSE INTOLERANCE 3
66.METABOLIC ROLE OF TYROSINE 3
67.LDL AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS 3
68.KETOGENESIS 3
69.cAMP 2
70.LCAT 3
71.LEUCINE METABOLISM 3
72.CARBAMYL PHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE II 3
73.LIPID LOWERING AGENTS 3
74.WRITE SHORT NOTE ON Zn 2
75.RENAL RICKET 3
76.HYPERNATREMIA 2.5
77.BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE 3
78.SIGNER SYMPTOMS OF HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; HOW YOU WILL CONFIRM DIAGNOSIS 4
79. WRITE DIFFERENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE CREATINE AND CARNITINE 2
80.TRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM 3
81.SYNTHESIS AND ACTION OF THYROID HORMONES 3
82.FLUORIDE IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2
83.GANGLIOSIDES 3
84.GOUT 3
85.TRANSAMINATION REACTION 3
86.FATTY LIVER 3
87.COPPER 3
88.DUAL ROLE OF SRB-1 IN CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT 3
89.EXPLAIN HOMOCYSTINUREA IS A RISK FACTOR FOR CAD 3
90.EXPLAIN ADIPOSE TISSUE NEEDS GLUCOSE FOR ITS NORMAL FUNCTION 3
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF LIFE MARKS
1.DISCUSS STRUCTURE OF CELL MEMBRANE . WHAT IS THE ROLE OF PROTEIN IN IT 5
2. ENUMERATE THE FACTORS AFFECTING RATE OF ENZYME CATALYSED REACTION 8
3.SEMIESSENTIAL AMINO ACID 2
4. METALO-ENZYMES 3
5.AMYLASE 2
6.ISOENZYMES 2
7.LYSOSOME 2
8. ANTIOXIDANTS 4
9. REGULATION OF ENZYME ACTIVITY 3
10. ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE 2
11. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS MECHANISM BY WHICH THE ACTIVITY OF ENZYMES REGULATED 7
12. FOLATE TRAP 4
13. TETRAHYDROFOLATE 3
14. IMMOBILISED ENZYMES 3
15. VITAMINS AS COENZYMES 3
16.Km AND ITS IMPORTANCE 3
17. LYSYL HYDROXYLASE 3
18. MULTIENZYMES COMPLEX 3
19. ENZYMES IN DIAGNOSTIC IMPORTANCE IN MYOCARDINAL INFARACTION 3
20. PHOSPHOLIPASES 3
21. INHIBITION OF ENZYME ACTIVITY WITH SIGNIFICANCE 4
22.PEROXIDANT AND ANTIOXIDANT ROLE OF VITAMIN C 2.5
23.ANTIOXIDANT AND VITAMINS 4
24.C.K ISOENZYMES 4
25.ENZYMES USED AS DRUGS 2
26. MICHALIS MENTEN EQUATION 3
27. MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDE 4
28. EPIMERS OF GLUCOSE 2
29. GLYCINE 3
30. EPIMER AND ANOMER 4
31. MUTAROTATION AND INVERSION OF SUGAR 3
32. DEOXY SUGAR 2
33. INVERT SUGAR 3
34. EXPLAIN HOW ANIMALS CAN BE FATTENED BY FEEDING THEM ONLY CARBOHYDRATES 7 35. HOMOPOLYSACCHARIDE & HETEROPOLYSACCHARIDE 4
36.ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS 4
37.LDH 4
38.SELENOCYSTEN 4
39.BIOTIN 2
40. STRUCTURE OF PROTEIN AND ITS IMPORTANCE 3
41.ZWITTER ION 2
42. EXPLAIN WHY VITAMINS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR CITRIC ACID CYCLE 4
43. ROLE OF VITAMIN - C IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE FORMATION 3
44.DISCUSS ROLE OF VITAMINS IN OXIDATIVE STRESS 3
45.HYPERVITAMINOSIS 3
46. BIOCHEMICAL ROLE OF VITAMIN K 2
47. SECONDARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS 2.5
48. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVE PEPTIDES 3
49. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEIN 3
50. DIFFERENT FORCES RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTAINING PROTEIN STRUCTURE 3
51.TRYPTOPHAN DEFICIENCY CAN LEAD TO NIACIN DEFICENCY 2
52.ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS { NAME+ BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE +DEFICIENCY DISORDERS } 4
53.CARDIOLIPIN 2
54. SULPHAR CONTAINING AMINO ACID 3
55.LIPID CLASSIFICATION 3
56. DESCRIBE THE LIPOSOMES AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE 3
57. GLYCOLIPIDS 3
58. PHOSPHOLIPID 3
59. MEMBRANE INTEGRAL PROEINS 3
60. SIGNIFICANCE OF RIBOSE 4
61.MEGALOBLASTIC ANAEMIA 3
62. LIPID PEROXIDATION 3
63. GLYCOPROTEIN 2.5
64. SILENT STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF DNA DOUBLE HELIX 3
65. PANTHOTHENIC ACID 2
66.GLYCOPROTEIN AND PROTEOGLYCAN 3
67. POLYSATURATED FATTY ACIDS 3
68. THREE D FACTOR 3
69. CHROMATIN REMODELLING 5
70.WHAT ARE THE PYRIMIDINE . WRITE IN DETAIL THE DE-NOVO SYNTHESIS OF PYRIMIDINE
NUCLEOTIDE 6
71. ADENINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES 3
72. NUCLEOTIDE OF BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE 2
73. CONTRIBUTIONS OF PURINE RING 2.5
74.Z-DNA 3
75. B-DNA 2
76. NUCLEIC ACID 3
77. BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANT OF NUCLEOTIDES 3
78. NUCLEOSOMES 3
79.VITAMIN DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA 2.5
80.TRANSPORT ACROSS MEMBRANES 3
81. WRITE BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF PURINE RING FORMATION 3
82.CIS AND TRANS FATS WITH BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE 3
83.NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUES 3
84.WRITE DIFFERENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE ISOENZYMES AND ISOFORMS 1
85. WRITE DIFFERENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE LACTOSE AND LACTULOSE 1
86. WRITE DIFFERENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE GALACTOSE AND RIBOSE 1 87. WRITE DIFFERENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE GLUCURONIC ACID AND GLUCOSE 1
88. WRITE DIFFERENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE CELLULOSE AND STARCH 1
89. ANTI - OXIDANT VITAMINS 3
90.PRO ENZYME 3
91.BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF VIT -D 2.5
92.PH & ISOELECTRIC PH 3
93.MECHANISM AND USE OF 5 FLUROURACIL 3
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND NUTRITION
 MARKS
1.RENAL TUBULAR FUNCTION TEST 4
2.PANCREATIC FUNCTION TEST 3
3.LIVER FUNCTION TEST 2.5
4.GLOMERULAR FUNCTION TEST 3
5.CREATINE CLEARANE TEST AND ITS ADVANTAGE OVER UREA CLEARANCE TEST FOR
EVALUTION OF KIDNEY FUNCTION TEST 4
6.GASTRIC FUNCTION TEST 3
7.THYROID FUNCTION TEST 3
8.URINE CONCENTRATION TEST 2
9.HYPO AND HYPERGLYCEMIC HORMONES 5
10.TSH 3
11.SYNTHESIS OF CATECHOLAMINE 2
12.ENUMERATE STEROID HORMONES AND GIVE THEIR MECHANISM OF ACTION 3
13.MINERLOCORTICOIDS 3
14.IODINE METABOLISM AND T3 AND T4 SYNTHESIS 4
15. REGULATION OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS SYNTHESIS 3
16.NUTRITIONAL ANAEMIA 4
17.DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM ELECTROLYTIC ESTIMATION 2.5
18.THIAMINE DEFICIENCY LOWERS TRANSKETOLASE ACTIVITY IN RBC 2
19.DEFINE CLEARANCE . DRAW A COMPARISION BETWEEN UREA CREATININE CLEARANCE 4
20.MALNUTRITION 4
21.KWASHIORKOR AND MARASMUS 4
22.BALANCED DIET 4
23.BODY BUFFER 4
24.OSMORECEPTORS 4
25.ANION GAP 4
26.ESTIMATION OF GFR 3
27.BODY VOLUME REGULATION 4
28.TETANY 3
29.TETANY OF ALKALOSIS 4
30. COLLAGEN 4
31. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF COLLAGEN 3
32.METABOLIC ALKALOSIS 4
33. MICRO NUTRIENTS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 4
34.R.Q. [RESPIRATORY QUOTIENT] 3
35.TYROSINE IS NEEDED BY THYROID GLAND 2
36.PTH 3
37.CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE DISTURBS Ca AND P HOMEOSTASIS 2
38.ROLE OF G-PROTEINS IN SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2
39.SPECIFIC DYNAMIC ACTION [SDA] 3
40.ROLE OF LUNGS IN ACID-BASE BALANCE 3
41.PROTEIN OF HIGH BIOLOGICAL VALUE 3
42.ADISON’S DISEASE 4
43.PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA 2
44.NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE NITROGEN BALANCE 2.5
45.ROLE OF KIDNEY IN ACID – BASE BALANCE 2
46.GRAVES DISEASE 3
47.WATER INTOXICATION 2.5
48.RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS 3
49.HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA 3
50.DIAGNOSIS OF OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE 3
51.HYPOTHYROIDISM 3
52.G-PROTEIN 2
CURRENT TOPICS MARKS
1.XENOBIOTICS [COMPLETE] 4
2.ROLE OF CYTOCHROME P450 IN DETOXIFICATION RACTION 2.5
3.TUMOUR MARKER. HOW DO THEY HELP IN CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF CANCER 4
4.ONCOGENE 4
5.MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ONCOGENE LEADING TO CANCER PROLIFERATION 4
6.PROTO ONCOGENE 2
7.CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS 3
8.CANCER SUPPRESSER GENES 3
9.INSULIN RECEPTOR 3
10.CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS 4
11.KETOACIDOSIS IS SEEN IN DIABETES MELLITUS 2
12.WHAT ARE THE NORMAL FASTING AND POST- PRANDIAL BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL .HOW IS
GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS MAINTAINED DURING FEEDING AND FASTING STATES 2+6=8
13.NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS 4
14.WRITE PRINCIPLE AND APPLICATION OF RADIOIMMUNOASSAY 3
15.MEMBRANE STRUCTURE 3
16.LIPIDS IN PLASMA MEMBRANE 2
17.DISCUSS TRANSPORT MECHANISM ACROSS CELL MEMBRANE WITH EXAMPLE 3
18.ACTIVE TRANSPORTS 4
19.FASCILIATED DIFFUSION 2
20.EICOSANIODS 2
21.BIOCHEMICAL PRINCIPLES USED FOR CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY 4
22.DISCUSS DIABETES MELLITUS AND INSIPIDUS 2
23.APOPTOSIS 3
24.DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANT OF TROPONINS 4
PHYSIOLOGICAL BIOCHEMISTRY MARKS
1.DIGESTION OF PROTEIN 3
2.PLASMA PROTEIN – METHODS OF SEPARATION 2.5
3.VITAMINS IN ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN 2
4.VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATORY CHAIN 3
5.ENUMERATE E.T.S. ALONG WITH ITS FUNCTION AND INHIBITORS 10
6.SHUTTLE SYSTEM 3
7.DISCUSS FAT MALABSORPTION 3
8.CHYLOMICRONES 3
9.LIPASES 4
10.LIGASES 3
11.ABSORPTION OF TRIGLYCERIDES 3
12.ATP SYNTHASE COMPLEX 2.5
13. HIGH ENERGY COMPOUNDS 2
14.UNCOUPLERS OF OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION 4
15.SECRETORY IMMUNOGLOBULIN 4
16.IMMUNOGLOBULIN E 3
17.IRON HOMEOSTASIS IN BODY 4
18.BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF JAUNDICE 3
19 .DISCUSS BIOCHEMICAL CAUSES OF ANAEMIA 4
20.BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF JAUNDICE 4
21.HEMOGLOBIN STRUCTURE AND EFFECT OF 2;3 BPG UNITS FUNCTION 2
22.CHEMIOSMOTIC HYPOTHESIS 2.5
23.GLUTATHIONE AND AMINO ACID ABSORPTION 4
24.ABSORPTION OF GLUCOSE AND ROLE OF GLUCOSE TRANSPORTERS 3
25.ACHLORHYDRIA 3
26.HYPER SENSITIVITY REACTION 3
27.WRITE BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF CYANIDE POISONING 3
28,DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OF FATS 3
29.WRITE BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF AMINO ACID ABSORPTION 3
30.CYTOCHROMES 2
31.BIOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSIS OF MALABSORPTION 2
32.PLASMA CELL 2.5
33.UROBILINOGEN 2
34.IRON {DIGESTION + ABSORPTION} 3
35. OXYGEN DISSOCIATION CURVE OF HAEMOGLOBIN AND MYOGLOBIN 3