Industrial production, estimation and utilization B.Pharmacy 5th Semester 2021 (2020-2021) Previous Year's Question Papers/Notes Download - HK Technical PGIMS

FORSKOLIN
Biological Source: Labdane diterpenoid
extracted from roots of Coleus forskohlii,
family- Lamiaceae.
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 Industrial Production:
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1
• Roots & bark powder extracted
with toluene at 60˚C for 2 hours.
2
• Filtrate collected & concentrated at
temperature not exceeding 40˚C.
3
• Concentrated extract mixed with nhexane, yields crude forskolin in
the form of brown ppt.
4
• Purified using column
chromatography.
FORSKOLIN Downloaded from HK Technical PGIMS (pgims.hktechnical.com)
 Estimation:
TLC & HPTLC
Mobile phase – Toluene: ethyl acetate ( 8.5:
1.5 v/v)
Stationary phase- Silica gel F254
Visualizing agent- 5% vanillin in glacial acetic
acid and 10% sulphuric acid in water.
 Utilization:
1. Antidepressant
2. Vasodilating
3. Antiobesity
4. In glaucoma
5. Antiasthmatic 4
FORSKOLIN Downloaded from HK Technical PGIMS (pgims.hktechnical.com)
SENNOSIDES
 Source: Dianthrone glycosides, leaflets
of Cassia angustifolia (Indian senna) &
C. acutifolia ( Alexandrian senna).
Family- Leguminosae.
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 Industrial production:
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1
• Dried senna leaves powder extracted with
benzene for 2-3 hrs.
2
• Marc is dried and extracted with methanol for
4-6 hrs.
3
• Mix both the extracts and concentrated .
4
• pH of extract adjusted to 3.2 by HCl.
5
• Extract is mixed with hydrous calcium chloride
in 25 ml denatured spirit.
6
• pH adjusted to 8 using ammonia & set aside
for 2hrs, results into ppt of sennosides.
SENNOSIDES Downloaded from HK Technical PGIMS (pgims.hktechnical.com)
 Estimation:
Column- C18
Mobile phase- 1% acetic acid in water:
Acetonitrile (82:18)
Flow rate- 1ml/min
Detection- 350 nm
 Utilization:
1. Treatment of constipation
2. In skin diseases
3. As an anthelmintic
4. Useful in loss of appetite, dysentry,
indigestion, malaria, jaundice, gout,
rheumatism & anaemia.
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SENNOSIDES Downloaded from HK Technical PGIMS (pgims.hktechnical.com)
ARTEMISININ
 Source: sesquiterpene lactone obtained
from the leaves & unexpanded flower heads
of Artemisia annua.
Family- Asteraceae.
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 Industrial production:
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1
• Fresh leaves are dried below 60˚C, powder is
extracted with methanol by maceration.
2
• Methanol extract partitioned with hexane
3
• The hydro alcoholic extract partitioned with
ethyl acetate until the colourless.
4
• Contentrated at controlled temperature at 40˚C
under vacuum.
5
• Artemisinin obtained as fine white crystals after
recrystallization with cyclohexane.
ARTEMISININ Downloaded from HK Technical PGIMS (pgims.hktechnical.com)
 Estimation:
HPLC & HPTLC method
Mobile phase- n-hexane : ethyl acetate ( 7.5:
2.5 v/v)
Stationary phase- silica gel F254
Visulazing agent- anisaldehyde sulphuric acid
reagent followed by heating to 110˚C.
 Utilization:
1. Antimalarial
2. In gastric infections
3. Suppress inflamatory immune reactions
4. Anticancer
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ARTEMISININ Downloaded from HK Technical PGIMS (pgims.hktechnical.com)
DIOSGENIN
 Source: Aglycone obtained after the
hydrolysis of steroidal saponin glycoside
dioscin present in Dioscorea deltoidea, D.
composite.
Family- Dioscoreaceae.
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 Industrial production:
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1
• Dried powder hydrolyzed with 2.5N
H2SO4 by reflux or autoclave.
2
• Marc washed with 10% sod.
Bicarbonate to neutralize acid.
3
• Hydrolyzed powder extracted with
benzene for 6-8 hrs.
4
• Benzene extract is filtered, residue
dissolve in chloroform and
concentrated by recystallization.
DIOSGENIN
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 Estimation:
HPTLC method
Mob. Phase- toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid
(5:4:1)
St. phase- Silica gel F 254
 Utilization:
1. As a precursor for steroidal synthesis
2. In preparation of oral contraceptives
3. In treatment of rheumatism.
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DIOSGENIN
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DIGOXIN
 Source: Cardiac glycoside obtained from
leaves of Digitalis lanata.
Family- Scrophulariaceae.
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 Industrial production:
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1
• Fresh leaves made into
paste & treated with neutral
salt.
2
• Paste is defatted with
benzene & followed by
extraction with ethyl
acetate
3
• Extract contain lanatoside
C, which after hydrolysis
yields digoxin.
DIGOXIN
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DIGOXIN
 Estimation:
Assay- 40 mg test & std solution of digoxin
dissolve in sufficient ethanol.
5 ml of resulting solution, add 3ml picric acid
solution.
Measure absorbance at 495 nm.
 Utilization:
treatment of cardiac disorders.
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ATROPINE
 Source: tropane alkaloid, flowering tops of
Atropa belladonna, Datura stramonium &
Hyoscyamus niger.
 Family- Solanaceae.
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ATROPINE
 Industrial production:
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1
• Powdered drug extracted with
ether or benzene
2
• Concentrate the non-polar extract
& partitioned with acetic acid.
3
• Add sodium bicarbonate leading to
ppt alkaloid
4
• Dry the ppt & crystallized by
dissolving in solvent ether
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 Estimation:
Assay- sulphate salt of atropine titrated against
0.1 N perchloric acid.
 Utilization:
1. As preanesthetic medication
2. Antispasmodic
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ATROPINE
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PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
 Source: resin, roots & rhizomes of
Podophyllum hexandrum, P. emodi & P.
peltatum.
 Family- Berberidaceae.
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PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
 Industrial production:
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1
• Dried roots & rhizomes
extracted with methanol
2
• Evaporate the filtrate to
semisolid mass
3
• Dissolve in acidic water
results into pptn of
podophyllotoxin
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 Estimation:
HPLC
Mob. Phase- methanol: water ( 62: 38 v/v)
Detector wavelength- 280nm.
 Utilization:
1. Antitumour
2. Purgative
3. Emetic
4. Treatment of warts
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PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
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CAFFEINE
 Source: xanthine alkaloid, leaves of
Camellia sinesis (Theaceae), seeds of
Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae).
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CAFFEINE
 Production:
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1
• Leaflet powder boiled with 2%
sodium carbonate water for 10 min
& filtered.
2
• Evaporate & partitioned with
dichloromethane
3
• Evaporate to get crystals of caffeine.
4
• Purified by recystallization from hot
ethanol.
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 Estimation:
HPLC method
Mob. Phase- methanol: acetonitrile ( 65: 35
v/v)
Column- C18
 Utilization:
Stimulant
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CAFFEINE
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TAXOL
 Source: nitrogen containing subs, bark of
Taxus brevifolia, fam- taxaceae.
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TAXOL
 Production:
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1
• Powdered bark extracted with
methanol, filtered & evaporated
to dryness.
2
• Partition with the mixture of
carbon tetrachloride & water,
filter & evaporated.
3
• Dried CCl4 fraction again
extracted with CCl4 : methanol,
evaporate to obtain crude taxol.
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 Estimation:
HPTLC method
Mob phase- chloroform:methanol (7:1v/v)
Visualizing agent- vanillin sulphuric acid.
 Utilization:
1. Treatment of ovarian, lung, bladder,
esophageal & other types of cancers.
2. Antiproliferative agent.
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TAXOL
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VINCRISTINE & VINBLASTINE
 Source: Indole alkaloid, Vica rosea, familyApocynaceae.
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VINCRISTINE &
VINBLASTINE
 Production: Plant tissue culture technique.
 Estimation: HPLC method
Mob phase- acetonitrile: 0.1 M phosphate
buffer.
Wavelength- 254nm.
 Utilization:
1. In chemotherapy regimens
2. Childhood leukemia
3. immunosuppressant
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