leprosy pathophysiology B.Pharmacy 2nd Year 2022 (2021-2022) Previous Year's Question Papers/Notes Download - HK Technical PGIMS

TOPIC: Leprosy pathophysiology

INTRODUCTION
 Leprosy is a chronic, curable infectiousdiseasemainlycausing skin lesions and nerve damage.  It mainly affects the skin ,eyes, nose andperipheralnerves.  It is also called as Hansen's disease. CAUSES OF LEPROSY
 Leprosy is caused by infection withthebacteriumnamed Myobacterium leprae.  It spreads person to person throughinfectedrespiratory droplets during coughs or sneezes.
Sr no. TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Introduction
2. Cause of leprosy
3. Symptoms
4. Types of leprosy
5. Diagnosis and test
6. Prevention
7 Conclusion
 Materno - foetal transmission across theplacenta. Transmission from milk of leprosy affectedmothertoinfant.  Direct contact with untreated leprosy patients.  It is caused genetically also. SYMPTOMS OF LEPROSY
 It includes light coloured or red skinpatcheswithreduced sensation.  People may also experience pain in joints.  Reduced sensation of touch, pins , needlesorlossoftemperature sensation.  Muscle weakness, eye problem, nerveinjuryorweightloss. TYPES OF LEPROSY
 Indeterminate leprosy :- A fewHypopigmented
macules, it can be heal spontaneously if persistthenitadvances to other forms.  Tuberculoid leprosy :- It is characterizedbyafewflator slightly raised skin lesions of varioussizethataretypically pale or slightly red, dry, hairlossandlossofsensation.  Borderline tuberculoid leprosy :- lesionssimilartotuberculoid but more numerous morenerveinvolvement.  Lepromatous leprosy :- It is characterizedbymanylesions with bacteria , hair loss, moreseverenerveinvolvement with peripheral nerve thickening, limbweakness, disfigurement.  Borderline lepromatous leprosy :- manylesionsincluding flat lesions, raised bumps, plaqueandnodules, more numbness. DIAGNOSIS AND TESTS
 Lepromin skin test can be usedtodistinguishlepromatous from tuberculoid leprosy, but isnotusedfor diagnosis.  Skin lesion biopsy.  Skin scraping examination for acid fast bacteria. PREVENTION AND TREATMENT
 People who are in immediate contact withtheleprosypatient should be tested for leprosy.  Annual examinations should also beconductedonthese people for a period of five yearsfollowingtheirlast contact with an infectious patient.  Reconstructive surgery is aimed at preventingandcorrecting deformities.  The major goals of the leprosy control programareearly detection of patients and appropriatetreatment;and adequate care for the prevention of disabilitiesandrehabilitation. Because leprosy is an infectiousdiseaseantibiotic therapy plays a pivotal roleinmanagementof newly diagnosed patients. CONCLUSION
Educating the people regarding this diseaseanditssymptoms and complications can reducestheriskofthisdisease to spread in future by taking preventivemeasureseducating the people regarding symptoms andtreatmentofleprosy.