Artificial Enzymes Advanced Medicinal Chemistry M.Pharmacy 1st Semester 2022 (2021-2022) Previous Year's Question Papers/Notes Download - HK Technical PGIMS

This document explores artificial enzymes (S-enzymes), synthetic catalysts designed to mimic natural enzyme activity. Key highlights include:

• Definition & Purpose: Synthetic molecules replicating enzyme active sites using host frameworks like cyclodextrins, crown ethers, and calixarenes.

• Characteristics:

  • Molecular weight <2000 Da, high thermal stability.

  • Tunable structures, water solubility, and reversible substrate binding.

• Design Approaches:

  • Chemical: Cyclodextrins (hydrophobic cavities), cyclophanes (flavin/thiazolium cofactors), crown ethers (cation selectivity).

  • Biological: Direct evolution (e.g., Sitagliptin production) and de novo computational design (Path2.0, antiSMASH tools).

• Mechanisms: Proximity effects, ATP hydrolysis mimics (cryptands), and ROS scavenging (Mn₃O₄).

• Applications:

  • Pharmaceuticals: Cost-effective drug synthesis, enzyme supplements.

  • Genetic engineering: Custom enzymes for gene manipulation.

  • Industrial catalysis: Robust performance under extreme conditions.