Microbiology PYQs Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery 2nd Year 2023 (2022-2023) Previous Year's Question Papers/Notes Download - HK Technical PGIMS

MICROBIOLOGY

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General Bacteriology
➢ Bacterial cell wall (3)
Structure of cell wall (3)
➢ Bacterial growth curve (2/3/4)
➢ Bacterial spore (3/4)
➢ PCR (2/3)
➢ Bacterial fimbriae (2)
➢ Transduction (2/3)
➢ Enumerate wet heat methods of sterilization and describe autoclave (3)
Moist heat sterilization/ Moist heat as sterilizing agent (2/4)
Autoclave (2/3)
➢ Sterilization by filtration method (3)
➢ Bacterial flagella (2)
➢ Resistance factor [R factor] (3)
➢ Differences b/w mutational & transferable drug resistance (3)
➢ Chemical disinfectants (2)
Aldehydes as disinfectants (3)
Vapour phase disinfectants (4)
➢ Satellitism (3)
➢ Lac operon (4)
➢ Factors predisposing to microbial pathogenicity (4)
➢ Various modes of microbial infection (3)
➢ Plasmid (3)
➢ Koch phenomenon (4)
➢ Robert Koch (3)
Contributions of Robert Koch in microbiology (2)
➢ Edward Jenner (2)
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Immunology
➢ Define agglutination reaction and discuss the principle and applications of same (6)
Agglutination reactions (3)
Coagglutination test (4)
Principle and clinical applications of agglutination reactions (2)
➢ Define complement and discuss classical and alternative pathway of complement
activation (6)
Classical pathway of complements (4)
Enumerate various antigen antibody reaction. Describe complement fixation test (5)
Biological activities of complement (2)
➢ ELISA/ELISA test (3/4)
➢ Type I hypersensitivity (4)
➢ Type II hypersensitivity reactions (3)
➢ Delayed hypersensitivity (4)
Principle and mechanism of type IV hypersensitivity (2)
➢ Characteristics of T and B lymphocytes (2)
Difference b/w T & B lymphocytes (2)
Subsets of T lymphocytes (2)
T lymphocytes (2)
➢ IgA antibody (2)
Structure and functions of IgA immunoglobulin (2)
➢ IgE (3/4)
➢ IgM (3)
➢ Adjuvants (2)
➢ Weil Felix test (2)
➢ Mechanism of autoimmunity (3)
➢ Cytokines (3)
➢ Immunoflourescence (3)
Indirect immunoflourescence test (3)
➢ Immunochromatography (3)
➢ Vaccines (4)
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Systemic Microbiology
➢ TRIC agents (2)
➢ Vibrio cholera (2)
Describe pathogenesis, lab diagnosis and prophylaxis of cholera (8)
Describe lab diagnosis of cholera (3)
Discuss pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of cholera (3/11)
Discuss morphology and various culture media for isolation of Vibrio cholera (5)
Transport media for Vibrio cholerae (3)
Differentiation b/w biotypes of Vibrio cholera (4)
➢ Atypical mycobacteria (3)
Briefly describe general properties of atypical mycobacteria (2)
Mycobacterium avium complex (2)
➢ Classify mycobacteria and discuss lab diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (6)
Lab diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (3)
BCG vaccine (4)
➢ Lab diagnosis of gonorrhea (2/3)
➢ Discuss lab diagnosis of haemophillus influenza (5)
X and V factors (2)
➢ Vincent’s angina (2)
➢ Enteric fever (3)
Discuss lab diagnosis of enteric fever (3/6)
Widal test (3/4)
Principle and interpretation of widal test (2)
➢ Salmonella septicaemia and gastroenteritis (3)
➢ Discuss lab diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis (8)
➢ Discuss lab diagnosis & treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis in an adult
male patient (11)
➢ Morphology and growth/cultural characteristics of corynebacterium diphtheriae (2)
Pathogenesis of diphtheria (3)
Describe lab diagnosis of case of diphtheria. Discuss its management (8)
➢ Brucellosis (3)
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Systemic Microbiology (contd…)
➢ Cat scratch disease (4)
➢ Actinomycosis (2)
➢ Nocardia (2)
➢ Mycoplasma pneumoniae (3)
➢ Pseudomembranous colitis (3)
➢ Gas gangrene (3)
➢ Nagler reaction (3)
➢ Clostridium difficle (4)
➢ Pathogenesis and prevention of tetanus (4)
➢ Anthrax (3)
➢ Whooping cough (3)
➢ Pathogenesis of leprosy (2)
➢ Helicobacter pylori (3)
➢ IMViC reaction (3)
➢ Diarrhoeagenic E.coli (3)
➢ Classify Chlamydia and enumerate diseases produced by them (2)
Lab diagnosis of chlamydial infections (4)
Chlamydia trachomatis (3)
Pathogenicity of chlamydia (4)
➢ Discuss lab diagnosis of syphillis (5)
Write classification of spirochaetes. Discuss pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of
treponema pallidum (7)
VDRL (3)
➢ Methicillin resistant Staphylococcal aureus/ MRSA (2)
➢ Staphylococcal food poisoning (4)
➢ Enumerate virulence factors associated with pathogenicity of Staphylococcal aureus.
Describe lab diagnosis of infections caused by Staphylococcal aureus (6)
➢ Post streptococcal sequelae (3)
Non suppurative sequelae of Streptococcus pyogens (4)
➢ Coagulase negative Streptococci (2/3)
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Systemic Microbiology (contd…)
➢ Antigenic structure of Streptococcus pyogens (3)
➢ Group B streptococci (2/4)
➢ Discuss briefly determinants of pathogenicity of Streptococcus pyogens (4)
➢ Coagulase negative Staphylococci (2/3)
Mycology
➢ Classification of fungi (2)
Morphological classification of fungi (2/3)
➢ Dermatophytosis (2/3/4)
➢ Histoplasmosis (2/3)
➢ Candidiasis (2/3/4)
➢ Cryptococcosis (3/4)
➢ Mycetoma (2/3)
➢ Aspergillosis (2/3)
➢ Rhinosporidiosis (3)
➢ Dimorphic fungi (3)
Sporotrichosis (3)
➢ Mucormycosis (2/3)
➢ Keratomycosis (3)
➢ Pneumocystosis (3)
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Virology
➢ Rotavirus (2/3/5)
➢ Interferons (2)
➢ Herpes simplex virus (6)
HSV 1 (2)
HSV 2 (3)
Varicella zoster virus (2/3)
Epstein barr virus (2/3/4)
Epstein barr virus associated malignancies (3)
Cytomegalovirus (3)
➢ Herpes zoster virus (2)
➢ Swine flu (2)
Lab diagnosis and prophylaxis of swine flu (4)
➢ Rabies (5)
Prophylaxis in rabies (3)
Pathogenesis of rabies (2)
Non neural vaccines of rabies (2)
Discuss morphology, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis and prophylaxis of rabies virus (8)
Rabies vaccines (4/5)
➢ PEP in HIV (4)
Lab diagnosis of HIV infections (3)
Discuss morphology of HIV and lab diagnosis of HIV infection. Enumerate various
opportunistic infections in HIV patients (8)
Draw labeled diagram of HIV 1 (2)
Discuss strategies of HIV testing and post exposure prophylaxis after HIV infected
needle stick injury (6)
Pathogenesis and clinical features of HIV infection (3)
Morphology and pathogenesis of HIV (3)
Lab diagnosis of AIDS (3)
Opportunistic infection in AIDS (5)
Prophylaxis of AIDS (3)
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Virology (contd…)
➢ Inclusion bodies (2/3)
➢ Hepatitis A virus (3)
➢ Tabulate differences b/w hepatitis A & B virus (3)
➢ Hepatitis C virus (2/3)
➢ Enumerate viruses causing hepatitis and discuss lab diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (8)
Post exposure prophylaxis for HBV in health care workers (2)
Prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus (3)
Hepatitis E virus (4)
➢ Antigenic variation in influenza virus (2)
➢ Draw labeled diagram of influenza virus (2)
➢ Dengue (2/4)
Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever (3)
Dengue haemorrhagic fever (3)
Enumerate arthropod borne viral infections and describe dengue virus (8)
Discuss in detail morphology, pathogenicity and lab diagnosis of dengue virus (6)
➢ Name various arbovirus occurring in india. Discuss morphology, pathogenesis, lab
diagnosis and prevention of japanese encephalitis (5)
Japanese encephalitis (2)
➢ Enumerate virus causing encephalitis and discuss their lab diagnosis (8)
➢ Kyasanur forest disease (4)
➢ Enumerate viruses causing haemorrhagic fevers and discuss EBOLA virus (8)
➢ Prions (2)
➢ Prophylaxis of polio virus (2)
Polio vaccine (2)
➢ Name viruses infecting GI tract of man. Describe briefly morphology, pathogenicity,
lab diagnosis and prophylaxis of polio virus (8)
➢ Rubella virus (3)
➢ Measles (2)
➢ Papilloma virus (3)
➢ Molluscum contagiosum (3)
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Virology (contd…)
➢ Clinical syndromes caused by adenovirus (3)
➢ Lab diagnosis of viral infections (3/4)
➢ Cell cultures (3)
Chick embryo for virus isolation (2)
Cultivation of viruses (3)
➢ Oncogenic viruses (2)
Viruses causing human cancers (4)
➢ Double stranded DNA viruses (2)
➢ Detection of viral growth in cell culture (4)
Cytopathic effects in cell cultures (2)
Cytopathic effects of viruses (3)
➢ Sexually transmitted viral infections (2)
➢ Describe general characteristics of virus (3)
➢ Draw labeled diagram of bacteriophage (2)
➢ Viral vaccines (3)
➢ Virus host interactions (4)
➢ Viral capsid (3)
➢ Name and briefly describe vertically transmitted viral diseases (8)
➢ Name and describe pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of viral diagnosis of
respiratory tract (8)
➢ Mechanism of viral carcinogenesis (3)
➢ Immunity in viral diseases (3)
➢ Prophylaxis of viral diseases (2)
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Clinical Microbiology
➢ Discuss hospital acquired infections in detail (3/8)
➢ Name causative agent of pyrexia of unknown origin (2)
➢ Hospital waste disposal (3)
➢ Antibiotics acting on cell wall/ bacterial cell wall (2)
➢ Genetic basis of drug resistance in bacteria (2/3/4)
➢ Name various sexually transmitted diseases and mention causative agent of each.
Outline steps in diagnosis of case of gonorrhea (8)
Define STD. Enumerate bacterial causes of it. (1+2=3)
➢ Describe etiology and lab diagnosis of food poisoning (8)
➢ Enumerate bacteria causing sore throat. Discuss lab diagnosis of sore throat (8)
➢ Normal flora of human GIT (3)
➢ Discuss in detail the etiology, sample collection and lab diagnosis in a patient of
urinary tract infections (8)
➢ Various methods used to assess quality of air in hospital environment (3)
➢ Define meningitis. Enumerate bacteria causing it. (1+2=3)
Define aseptic meningitis. Enumerate causative agents & discuss its laboratory
diagnosis. (8)
Define and enumerate causes of pyogenic meningitis (8)
List causative agents of purulent and aseptic meningitis (4)
Enumerate microbial agents causing acute purulent meningitis. Outline lab diagnosis
of such a case (11)
What is aseptic meningitis? Enumerate causative agents and describe lab diagnosis
of same (6)
➢ Enumerate bacterial causes of diarrhea (2)
Enumerate parasitic, viral and fungal causes of infective diarrhea and discuss its lab
diagnosis (8)
Define terms diarrhea and dysentery. Name various organisms causing infective
diarrhea (1+1+2=4)
➢ Traveller’s diarrhea (3)
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Parasitology
➢ Larva migrans (3/4/5)
Cutaneous larva migrans (2)
Visceral larva migrans (3/4)
➢ Hydatid cyst (2/3)
Lab diagnosis of hydatid disease/ hydatid cyst (3)
➢ Katayama fever (2/3)
➢ Giardia lamblia (3)
Describe briefly morphology, life cycle, pathogenicity and lab diagnosis of Giardia
lamblia (5)
➢ Classify nematodes. Describe morphology, life cycle, pathogenicity and lab diagnosis
of Ascaris lumbricoides (4/6)
➢ Discuss morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of Entamoeba
histolytica (5/11)
Lab diagnosis of amoebiasis (3)
Hepatic amoebiasis (3)
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (3)
➢ Tabulate differences b/w entamoeba histolytica & entamoeba coli (2)
➢ Enumerate leishmania species pathogenic to man. Describe laboratory diagnosis of
kala azar (5)
Name various protozoa which may be found in peripheral blood. Discuss morphology,
life cycle, pathogenicity and lab diagnosis of Leishmania donovani (11)
Dicuss lab diagnosis of leishmaniasis (5)
➢ Post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (2)
➢ Lab diagnosis of malaria (4)
➢ Cerebral malaria (2)
➢ Pernicious malaria (2)
➢ Tabulate differences b/w plasmodium vivax & plasmodium falciparum (2)
➢ Draw labeled diagrams of erythrocytic schizogony and gaemetogony of plasmodium
falciparum (2)
➢ Life cycle of malaria parasite diagrammatically (3)
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Parasitology (contd…)
➢ Trichomonas vaginalis (2/3)
➢ Hymenolepis nana (4)
Life cycle of hymenolepis nana (2)
➢ General characteristics and pathogenesis of schistosomes (3)
Pathogenicity and lab diagnosis of schistosoma haematobium (3)
Paddy field dermatitis (2)
➢ Name various filarial nematodes. Describe morphology, life cycle, pathogenicity and
lab diagnosis of Wucheria bancrofti (4)
Lymphatic filariasis (3)
Lab diagnosis and control of filariasis (3)
Occult filariasis, current filariasis situation and its control (3)
➢ Lab diagnosis of toxoplasmosis (3)
➢ Life cycle of toxoplasma gondii diagrammatically (3)
➢ Cryptosporidium parvum (3)
Life cycle and pathogenesis of cryptosporidium parvum (3)
Life cycle of cryptosporidium parvum diagrammatically (2)
➢ Pathogenicity of taenia solium (2)
Cysticercosis (2/3)
➢ Cysticercus cellulosae (2/3)
➢ Fasciola hepatica (2)
➢ Pathogenicity of echinococcus granulosus (2)
Clinical diseases and lab diagnosis of echinococcus granulosus (3)
➢ Fasciolopsis buski (2)
➢ Babesia (2)
➢ Life cycle of clonorchis sinensis (2)
➢ Pathogenicity and lab diagnosis of paragonimus westermani (20
➢ Enterobius vermicularis (4)
➢ Life cycle of strongyloides sterorates (3)
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