This document details the Sharpless epoxidation, a Nobel Prize-winning reaction for the enantioselective synthesis of 2,3-epoxy alcohols from allylic alcohols. Key aspects include:
Reagents: Titanium tetraisopropoxide [Ti(OiPr)₄], diethyl tartrate (DET), and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP).
Mechanism:
Coordination of the allylic alcohol’s OH group to titanium.
Enantioselective epoxidation controlled by chiral tartrate ligands [(+)-DET or (−)-DET].
Applications:
Synthesis of chiral epoxy alcohols, precursors to diols, amino alcohols, and complex natural products.
Widely used in pharmaceutical synthesis (e.g., beta-blockers, antifungals).
Stereochemistry: Predictable enantioselectivity (up to >90% ee) based on the tartrate isomer used.
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