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Sharpless epoxidation  1st Semester M.Pharmacy Lecture Notes,BP202T Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I,Handwritten Notes,Important Exam Notes,MPharmacy,MPharmacy 1st Semester,organic chemistry,Sharpless epoxidation,asymmetric synthesis,chiral epoxides,titanium catalyst,diethyl tartrate,TBHP,enantioselectivity,pharmaceutical synthesis,

Sharpless epoxidation

M.Pharmacy, 1st Semester, 2022 (2021-2022) - Lecture Notes

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Sharpless epoxidation

This document details the Sharpless epoxidation, a Nobel Prize-winning reaction for the enantioselective synthesis of 2,3-epoxy alcohols from allylic alcohols. Key aspects include:

  • Reagents: Titanium tetraisopropoxide [Ti(OiPr)₄], diethyl tartrate (DET), and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP).

  • Mechanism:

    • Coordination of the allylic alcohol’s OH group to titanium.

    • Enantioselective epoxidation controlled by chiral tartrate ligands [(+)-DET or (−)-DET].

  • Applications:

    • Synthesis of chiral epoxy alcohols, precursors to diols, amino alcohols, and complex natural products.

    • Widely used in pharmaceutical synthesis (e.g., beta-blockers, antifungals).

  • Stereochemistry: Predictable enantioselectivity (up to >90% ee) based on the tartrate isomer used.

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