Introduction to the History of Microbiology B.Pharmacy 3rd Semester 2025 (2024-2025) Previous Year's Question Papers/Notes Download - HK Technical PGIMS

Concise yet comprehensive overview of the history and foundational concepts of microbiology, highlighting key milestones and pioneering scientists who shaped the field. Key highlights include:

Core Concepts of Microbiology:

• Definition & Scope: Study of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, protozoa) invisible to the naked eye, with diverse shapes (spherical, rod-shaped) and life cycles.

• Microbial Impact: Role of microorganisms in causing diseases and their significance in ecosystems.

Historical Milestones:

• Early Theories: Aristotle’s classification of living vs. non-living organisms; Roger Bacon’s 13th-century link between microbes and disease.

• Foundational Discoveries:

  • Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1675): First observed microorganisms ("animalcules"), earning the title Father of Microbiology.

  • Louis Pasteur: Coined the term "microbiology," introduced pasteurization (62°C for 30 minutes), and differentiated aerobic/anaerobic bacteria.

  • Joseph Lister: Pioneer of antiseptic surgery, reducing infections in medical procedures.

  • Alexander Fleming: Discovered penicillin (1928), the first antibiotic derived from Penicillium notatum.

Key Contributions:

• Culture Media: Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729) developed the first methods to grow bacteria and viruses.

• Germ Theory: Fracastoro’s (1546) concept of communicable diseases transmitted via contact.