Protein Drugs & Organophosphate Poisoning: Biopharmaceuticals, Mechanisms, and Clinical Management B.Pharmacy 6th Semester 2025 (2024-2025) Previous Year's Question Papers/Notes Download - HK Technical PGIMS

This document provides a comprehensive overview of protein drugs (biopharmaceuticals) and organophosphate poisoning, covering their mechanisms, production, and clinical applications. Key highlights include:

• Protein Drugs:

  • Types: Monoclonal antibodies (e.g., Adalimumab for rheumatoid arthritis), enzymes (e.g., recombinant insulin), and hormones (e.g., erythropoietin).

  • Production: Gene cloning in host organisms (bacteria, yeast, mammalian cells) followed by purification.

  • Administration: Subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous routes.

  • Monoclonal Antibodies: Structure (Fab/Fc regions), mechanisms (neutralization, opsonization), and applications (cancer, autoimmune diseases, COVID-19).

• Organophosphate Poisoning:

  • Mechanism: Irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, leading to acetylcholine accumulation and overstimulation of muscles/nerves.

  • Symptoms: Cholinergic effects (e.g., bronchoconstriction, sweating), nicotinic effects (e.g., muscle fasciculations), and CNS effects (e.g., tremors, drowsiness).

  • Management: Airway protection, gastric lavage, activated charcoal, and antidotes (Atropine and Pralidoxime).