effects of drugs and ions on an isolated frog heart in this detailed experimental guide. Learn how:
Sympathomimetics (adrenaline, noradrenaline, isoprenaline) increase heart rate and contractility via β1-receptors.
Parasympathomimetics (acetylcholine) reduce heart rate and force through M₂ receptors.
Ions (K⁺, Ca²⁺) alter cardiac function—K⁺ causes diastolic arrest, while Ca²⁺ induces systolic arrest at high doses.
Blockers (propranolol, atropine) antagonize adrenaline and acetylcholine effects, respectively.
Key Features:
Step-by-Step Protocol: Langendorff setup, heart isolation, and drug administration.
Observations & Inferences: Tabulated data on chronotropic (rate) and inotropic (force) responses.
Clinical Correlations: Insights into autonomic regulation and ion imbalances in human cardiac physiology.
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